Never accept the first salary you’re offered, in desperation. HR managers, and even hiring firms, are incentivised to keep hiring salaries low and negotiate hard with individuals. Which is why, the first and foremost rule for good negotiation is that you should be able to walk away if required, says Kanchan Mukherjee, professor, organizational behaviour and human resources management, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore.
“Desperation or your need for the job shows in your body language, how you speak, and that’s used by companies to hammer down salaries,” he explains. In India, with high competition for jobs, this desperation level is higher, giving an edge to companies.
“Our research shows that you will end up losing up to ₹2-4 lakh per annum on a base salary of ₹10 lakh if you don’t negotiate,” says Soujanya Vishwanath, co-founder, Pink Ladder, a career support company for women based in Bengaluru.
Start early
The negotiation starts with the first interview. “The interview is all about building your bargaining power,” says Mukherjee. “You need to make the company and the interviewer want you and realize the value you’ll bring. The more the company wants you, the better you will be at the salary negotiation stage.”
Your aim should be to make the interviewer feel you are THE person, the employee they need to bring on board to solve that particular problem. To do this, do thorough research for the position you’re applying for. Research online, talk to ex-employees, understand the company’s objectives and how your role will help it achieve them. “If this build-up is weak, the negotiation later will be weak,” he says.
Evade the salary question
Employers generally ask for your last salary and give you a 15-35% hike on it. This salary could be way below the market rate if you haven’t moved in a while, says Luis Moniz, executive and career coach at Mumbai-based consultancy FrontRunner Career Advisors.
If it is the company which has first reached out to you, or is keen on recruiting you, you can try to evade the salary question. “Request them to give you an offer,” he says. “If you absolutely must share your last salary, share a range.” This tactic, however, may not always work.
Do your research
Find out your market value and what the employer is willing and able to pay for the role, says Jennifer Coleman, career coach and executive director, The Armstrong Center for Alumni Career Services, Darden School of Business, US. “Compare with salary data-sharing tools like GlassDoor, LinkedIn and TransparentCareer to figure out a range for your salary,” she says.
Other than online tools, headhunters and recruiters can be extremely helpful in figuring out a salary range. Develop a couple of such relationships, suggests Coleman. “Return their calls and emails, learn from them and try to be helpful to them. If you aren’t looking now, you can still benefit from the information and you can help by making a referral,” she says.
The most important source, however, is your network. “Think of former mentors, managers, or senior colleagues that you have relationships with who might know what the salary range is for your target role,” she adds.
Question the initial offer
Clarity on your offer letter will help you build up arguments when you come up with a counter offer. For example, say, the employer originally gave you a range of ₹12-13.5 lakh for compensation but your initial offer comes in at ₹12.05 lakh. “Ask why you’re at the low end of the range. Hearing the answer helps you formulate your response,” explains Coleman. In addition, get to know all company policies on travel, leaves and other benefits. Get a job description, a start date, understand the process of future evaluation, information about raises, when benefits like health coverage will start, sign-on bonus, etc. All this will help you understand how to negotiate.
Practise negotiating your salary
Practise negotiating with a coach/mentor before the actual negotiation, says Vishwanath. “Prepare a list of all your achievements, and read it to yourself before your negotiation so that you are in a more positive state of mind, be more appreciative of your efforts and achievements, and this will reflect positively in the way the company approaches the negotiation,” she adds.
Base salary should be the first focus of any negotiation since it will be the foundation for all future compensation – annual bonuses, commissions, merit increases, future offers, even stock options and provident fund and insurance. “Try to negotiate the base salary before talking about one-off elements like signing bonus or other elements on the table,” says Coleman.
Work on other benefits
Many a time, especially if the company has more than 500 employees, there may not be much flexibility in India when it comes to the base salary, says Mukherjee. In that case, negotiate all aspects of your salary, including bonus, commissions, signing bonus, stock options, number of casual leaves, flexible time arrangements, childcare and relocation benefits if you are shifting cities. “Try to add in additional perks like cars, drivers, annual vacations, reimbursable expenses, club memberships and stock option plans,” says Shiv Agrawal, managing director, ABC Consultants Pvt. Ltd, a Delhi-based recruitment services agency.
“These variables many a time add up to a lot of benefits that make a far better deal than a big salary.” Raise one topic at a time, ideally face-to-face with the HR representative or hiring manager.
Know your walk-away
Be clear on what’s a make or break for you—salary, vacation, severance, non-compete agreement, nice office? What’s the minimum you would accept, a limit where any lower and you would walk away, and what’s the level at which you would be reasonably happy? “Be mentally prepared to walk away if the offer you receive is not up to the standards of the role or position in discussion,” says Agrawal.
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